Mortgage Glossary

37 mortgage terms explained in plain language for Ontario homeowners.

A B C D F G H I L M P Q T V
A

Amortization

The total length of time it takes to pay off a mortgage in full.

B

Bank of Canada Overnight Rate

The target interest rate at which major banks lend money to each other overnight.

Bridge Financing

A short-term loan that covers the gap when you buy a new home before selling your current one.

C

CMHC Mortgage Insurance

Default insurance required when your down payment is less than 20% of the purchase price.

Closing Costs

The expenses beyond the purchase price that you pay when buying a property.

Conventional Mortgage

A mortgage where the down payment is 20% or more of the purchase price.

D

Down Payment

The portion of the purchase price you pay upfront from your own funds.

F

Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA)

The Ontario regulatory body that licenses and oversees mortgage brokerages, agents, and administrators.

First Home Savings Account (FHSA)

A tax-advantaged savings account specifically for first-time home buyers in Canada.

Fixed Rate Mortgage

A mortgage where the interest rate stays the same for the entire term.

G

Gross Debt Service (GDS) Ratio

The percentage of your gross income needed to cover housing costs.

H

Home Buyers' Plan (HBP)

A program that lets you withdraw from your RRSP to buy or build a qualifying home.

Home Equity

The difference between your property's current market value and the outstanding mortgage balance.

Home Equity Line of Credit (HELOC)

A revolving credit line secured against the equity in your home.

I

Insured Mortgage (High-Ratio)

A mortgage where the down payment is less than 20%, requiring mortgage default insurance.

Interest

The cost of borrowing money, calculated as a percentage of the outstanding principal.

Interest Rate

The percentage charged by a lender for borrowing money, expressed as an annual rate.

L

Land Transfer Tax (LTT)

A provincial tax paid when you purchase real estate in Ontario.

Loan-to-Value (LTV) Ratio

The ratio of your mortgage amount to the appraised value of the property.

M

Mortgage Broker

A licensed professional who arranges mortgage financing between borrowers and lenders.

Mortgage Investment Corporation (MIC)

A company that pools investor funds to provide mortgage loans, primarily to borrowers who do not qualify for bank financing.

Mortgage Portability

The ability to transfer your existing mortgage to a new property without breaking the term.

Mortgage Pre-Approval

A conditional commitment from a lender for a specific mortgage amount and rate, valid for a set period.

Mortgage Refinancing

Breaking your existing mortgage before the term ends to access equity, change your rate, or consolidate debt.

Mortgage Renewal

The process of renegotiating your mortgage terms at the end of your current term.

Mortgage Stress Test

A federal requirement that mortgage applicants must qualify at a higher rate than their actual mortgage rate.

Mortgage Term

The length of your mortgage contract with a specific lender, typically 1 to 10 years.

P

Power of Sale

A legal process in Ontario where a lender sells a property to recover an unpaid mortgage without going through court foreclosure.

Prepayment Penalty

A charge from your lender if you pay off your mortgage early, make extra payments beyond your privileges, or refinance before the term ends.

Prime Rate

The benchmark interest rate that Canadian banks use to set variable mortgage rates and lines of credit.

Principal

The amount of money you originally borrowed, excluding interest.

Private Mortgage

A mortgage provided by an individual investor or private lending company rather than a bank or credit union.

Property Appraisal

An independent assessment of a property's market value, typically required by lenders before approving a mortgage.

Q

Qualifying Rate

The interest rate used to determine if you can afford a mortgage, which is higher than your actual rate.

T

Title Insurance

Insurance that protects against problems with property ownership that were not discovered during the title search.

Total Debt Service (TDS) Ratio

The percentage of your gross income needed to cover all debt payments including housing costs.

V

Variable Rate Mortgage

A mortgage where the interest rate fluctuates with the Bank of Canada prime rate.